whatisimax.com
Picture shape

IMAX aspect ratios explained

Aspect ratio is width divided by height, so the smaller number here produces the taller picture at equal width.

How wider aspect ratios remove image areaThree equal-width frames are nested around the same centre. 1.43:1 shows the full-height image. 1.90:1 removes 24.7 percent of that area, and 2.39:1 removes 40.2 percent in total.1.43:1 · full image1.90:1 · 24.7% lost2.39:1 · 40.2% lost20.5% is lost in the step from 1.90:1 to 2.39:1.All frames have the same width and centre.
At equal width, 1.43:1 keeps the full height. 1.90:1 keeps a middle crop, and 2.39:1 keeps the wide crop. Percentages come from the stored ratios.

The same IMAX label can deliver a different amount of picture. The movie and room must both support the expanded frame.

What the audience receives

The same source frame as audiences see itThe same full-height source frame appears three times. The 1.43:1 presentation shows 67.1 percent more image area than 2.39:1. The 1.90:1 presentation shows 25.8 percent more. Cropped top and bottom bands remain outlined.1.43:167.1% more than scopefull-height source1.90:125.8% more than scopecroppedcroppedsame centre, less top and bottom2.39:1scope baselinecroppedcroppedsame centre, less top and bottom
A second view of the same framing problem. Black or unused screen area is not a defect when the supplied picture is intentionally wider than the screen.

Why the picture grows during a film

Some IMAX releases protect a wide composition, then reveal more above and below during selected shots. The boundary can change while projection continues normally. The film table records the tallest ratio and published duration.

The important action normally survives the wide crop. The tall version adds scale and context, not a different story.

The common cinema ratios

1.43:1: full-height IMAX

The projectable image shape of horizontal 15/70 IMAX film, conventionally rounded from a reported 69.60 by 48.59mm aperture. IMAX uses 1.43:1 as its current public label for its tallest film and digital presentations.

IMAX 15/70 prints and specially mastered digital presentations in compatible GT Laser rooms. Only an operable 15/70 projector or 1.43-capable dual-laser system can fill this shape with a 1.43 master. A tall screen alone is not enough.

1.85:1: theatrical flat widescreen

A standard 35mm flat projection shape. SMPTE specifies a 20.96mm image width and a minimum 11.33mm height for 1.85 projection.

Many non-anamorphic theatrical films. An IMAX venue can show 1.85 content with slight unused space at the sides of a 1.90 canvas, or within a 1.43 screen.

1.90:1: digital IMAX expanded ratio

The full 4096 by 2160 DCI 4K container is approximately 1.896:1. IMAX uses the rounded 1.90:1 label for its common digital expanded presentation.

Dual-2K xenon, Commercial Laser, Laser XT, and GT Laser can present a 1.90 IMAX master. At equal width it provides up to about 26% more picture area than 2.39, if the master contains that additional image.

2.00:1: 2:1 or Univisium

Cinematographer Vittorio Storaro promoted a 2:1 common composition called Univisium, positioned between television and wider theatrical shapes.

Some cinema and streaming productions use 2.00:1. Any IMAX room can show a 2.00 master, normally with narrow unused bands above and below a 1.90 canvas or larger bands on a 1.43 screen.

2.20:1: standard 70mm roadshow ratio

The normal screen shape of spherical 5-perf 70mm release printing after the larger 65mm camera image is reduced and masked for projection and soundtrack space.

Todd-AO, Super Panavision 70, and modern conventional 70mm prints commonly use it. IMAX rooms can show a 2.20 master letterboxed, and an IMAX 15/70 print can alternate between 2.20 footage and taller 1.43 footage.

2.39:1: modern theatrical scope

The standardized modern anamorphic projection shape. SMPTE RP 40 specifies 2.39:1 for the anamorphic projector aperture.

A large share of widescreen feature films and the non-expanded portions of many IMAX releases. Every IMAX system can show it, with unused screen area above and below on 1.90 or 1.43 screens.

2.76:1: Ultra Panavision 70

The nominal unsqueezed image from classic Camera 65 and Ultra Panavision photography, which applied a 1.25:1 anamorphic squeeze to the 5-perf 65mm frame.

Ben-Hur and modern Ultra Panavision productions such as The Hateful Eight use the process, although actual release masking can vary. IMAX can present a 2.76 master only letterboxed within its 1.90 or 1.43 canvas.

Four conditions for the full frame

  1. Source: the camera or render contains the extra height.
  2. Master: the IMAX version preserves it.
  3. Projector: the system can output it.
  4. Screen: the room can display it.

Miss one and the picture is shorter. Pair the full-height venue list with the film lookup.

Sources